When Does Idiopathic Scoliosis Stop Progressing?
Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition marked by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Most commonly diagnosed during adolescence, its exact cause is unknown. A key question for those managing the condition is: When does scoliosis stop progressing?
The Impact of Growth
Idiopathic scoliosis typically progresses most rapidly during periods of growth, particularly during puberty. The spine grows and lengthens quickly, and this rapid change can cause the curve to worsen. For this reason, scoliosis progression is often monitored closely during adolescence.
Once growth plates close—usually around age 16 to 18 in girls and 18 to 21 in boys—the risk of progression significantly decreases. However, slight curve changes can still occur into adulthood, especially if the curve was severe during adolescence.
Curve Size and Progression Risk
The size of the spinal curve also affects the likelihood of progression. Curves under 20 degrees tend to stabilize after growth, while those between 20 and 40 degrees have a higher chance of progressing during growth phases. If a curve reaches or exceeds 50 degrees, there is a greater risk that it will continue to worsen into adulthood, even after growth has stopped.
Key Factors Influencing Progression
Several other factors can influence scoliosis progression, including:
- Sex: Females are more likely to experience scoliosis progression than males, even with similar initial curve sizes.
- Genetics: A family history of scoliosis increases the likelihood of progression.
- Activity levels: While physical activity cannot prevent scoliosis progression, exercises like swimming, yoga, and Pilates can help strengthen core muscles and improve posture.
Does Progression Stop?
For many patients, scoliosis progression slows or stops entirely once skeletal maturity is reached. Mild curves, typically under 30 degrees, are unlikely to worsen in adulthood. However, larger curves (over 50 degrees) may continue to slowly progress throughout life. Even though the progression slows after growth, regular monitoring is essential to track any subtle changes over time, particularly if the curve is severe.
Managing Scoliosis Progression
Managing scoliosis focuses on monitoring the curve and intervening when necessary. Mild cases may only require observation, especially if the curve stabilizes after growth. More severe cases might require bracing or surgery to prevent further curvature and manage symptoms.
Even though scoliosis may stop progressing once growth ends, continued monitoring can help catch any future changes, particularly for individuals with larger curves. Maintaining flexibility and strength through physical activity can also aid in managing the condition as individuals age.
Idiopathic scoliosis generally stops progressing once growth is complete. Curves that are mild to moderate typically stabilize, while larger curves have a higher chance of progressing into adulthood. Early detection, regular monitoring, and proper treatment are key to managing scoliosis effectively, ensuring better spinal health and quality of life as patients age.